Eight-Week Flywheel Training Enhances Jump Performance and Stretch-Shortening Cycle Function in Collegiate Basketball Players.
Takashi Shimizu; Yosuke Tsuchiya; Hisashi Ueda; Shigeki Izumi; Eisuke Ochi
European journal of sport science, Feb. 2025, [Reviewed]
ABSTRACT

The effects of flywheel (FW) training on jump performance, muscle function, and muscle mass in athletes have not been fully clarified. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of an 8‐week FW training program on jump performance, stretch‐shortening cycle (SSC) function, muscle strength, peak power and muscle thickness in collegiate basketball players. Twenty male college basketball players (mean age: 19.8 ± 1.3 years, height: 179.1 ± 6.7 cm, body mass: 72.9 ± 6.3 kg) were randomly assigned to either the FW training (n = 11) or control group (n = 9). The FW training group performed squat exercises, 5 sets of 8 repetitions, twice a week using the FW device. Baseline and post‐training assessments of jump heights of squat jumps (SJs), countermovement jumps (CMJs), and drop jumps (DJs) were performed in both groups. Additionally, the reactive strength index (RSI), representing SSC function; isometric maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) torque during knee joint extension; peak power during squats; and quadriceps muscle thickness were evaluated. As the results, we observed that the FW training group demonstrated significant increases in post‐training SJ height (15.1%, p = 0.03), DJ height (23.2%, p = 0.01), RSI (36.8%, p = 0.04), MVC, peak power and muscle thickness compared with pre‐training levels. Furthermore, between‐group comparisons indicated significantly higher post‐training SJ height, DJ height, RSI, MVC, peak power, and muscle thickness in the FW training group (p < 0.05). Therefore, the FW training program effectively enhanced jump performance and SSC function in male basketball players and proved beneficial for muscle strength and hypertrophy.

Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Medium-Chain Triacylglycerol Structured Lipid Supplementation Improves Muscular Endurance Exercise Performance and Reduces Muscle Fatigue in Young Healthy Male.
Yosuke Tsuchiya; Hisashi Ueda; Takashi Shimizu; Kaori Yokoi; Kenichi Yanagimoto; Eisuke Ochi
Journal of the American Nutrition Association, 14 Oct. 2024, [Reviewed]
OBJECTIVE: Structured lipids containing medium-chain fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from fish oil (EPA/MCT) and it improve overall endurance. However, their effects on local muscle endurance remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of EPA/MCT intake on muscle endurance during leg extension exercises and subsequent muscle fatigue. METHODS: This 8-week, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind parallel-group trial involved 20 healthy young men. Subjects were randomly assigned to an EPA/MCT group (10 subjects) and a placebo group (PL group, 10 subjects). They consumed 4560 mg of the test food daily for 8 wk before an exercise intervention. The EPA/MCT supplement contained 600 mg of EPA, 260 mg of DHA, and 1890 mg of MCT (1110 mg of octanoic acid and 780 mg of decanoic acid). After the 8-week intervention, the subjects performed four sets of leg extension exercises at 40% of their body weight until exhaustion. The number of repetitions per set and the total repetitions across the four sets served as indicators of muscle endurance. Isometric maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), range of motion, circumference, muscle thickness, echo intensity, and muscle stiffness were measured before and after exercise to assess muscle fatigue. RESULTS: There was no difference between the groups in the number of repetitions for sets 1-4 or in the total number of repetitions during the leg extension exercise. In the EPA/MCT group, a significant negative correlation was observed between the increase in the blood EPA/AA ratio and the rate of decrease in the number of repetitions. Additionally, the decrease in MVC after exercise was significantly smaller in the EPA/MCT group than in the PL group. CONCLUSION: Our study results suggest that an 8-week intake of EPA/MCT can increase the blood EPA/AA ratio and improve muscle endurance performance. Additionally, EPA/MCT intake reduces muscle fatigue after exercise.

Effects of single and repeated bouts of flywheel exercise on jump performance and muscle damage in athletes and non athletes.
Takashi Shimizu; Yosuke Tsuchiya; Hisashi Ueda; Shigeki Izumi; Eisuke Ochi
BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation, 02 Jan. 2024, [Reviewed]
BACKGROUND: Although recent studies have investigated the effects of flywheel (FW) training on muscle function, the effects of transient FW exercise on jump performance in athletes are unknown. This study examined the effects of single and repeated bouts of FW squat exercises on jump performance and muscle damage in male collegiate basketball players. METHODS: The participants were 10 healthy college-age men (nonathletes) and 11 male basketball players (athletes). The intervention involved 100 squat exercises (10 repetitions × 10 sets) using an FW device. To examine the repeated-bout effects, the protocol was conducted again after a 2-week interval. Squat jumps, countermovement jumps, drop jumps, and rebound jumps were evaluated as jump performance, while isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque in knee extension, muscle soreness, range of motion, thigh circumference, muscle thickness, and echo intensity were evaluated as markers of muscle damage. Measurements were taken at baseline, immediately after exercise, 24 h later, and 72 h later. RESULTS: The jump performance of nonathletes decreased after exercise (p < 0.05), while that of the athletes did not. The results were similar for muscle soreness. MVC torque decreased significantly after the first exercise in both groups (p < 0.05) and was significantly lower in the nonathletes versus athletes. Significant repeated-bout effects were found for muscle soreness in nonathletes but not athletes. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a single bout of FW exercise reduces jump performance in male nonathletes but not basketball players.

Flywheel Resistance Training Improves Jump Performance in Athletes and Non-Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Takashi Shimizu; Yosuke Tsuchiya; Katsunori Tsuji; Hisashi Ueda; Shigeki Izumi; Eisuke Ochi
International Journal of Sport and Health Science, 2024, [Reviewed]

Home-based high-intensity interval training improves cardiorespiratory fitness: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Katsunori Tsuji; Yosuke Tsuchiya; Hisashi Ueda; Eisuke Ochi
BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation, 05 Dec. 2023, [Reviewed]
BACKGROUND: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an effective methods to improve maximal oxygen uptake. However, there is no definitive conclusion about the specific effectiveness of home-based HIIT. This review investigated the effects of home-based HIIT on cardiorespiratory fitness in a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: Four electronic databases were searched (PubMed, Cochran database, Web of Science, Igaku Chuo Zasshi) for studies through March 25, 2023. Eligibility criteria include randomized controlled trials of home-based HIIT in adult people regardless disease or handicaped. Comparisons were made between non-exercise controls, laboratory-based HIIT, and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). The primary outcome was defined as cardiorespiratory fitness and the secondary outcome was defined as patient-reported outcomes. The standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated for quantitative indices. The random-effect model was used as the pooling method. RESULTS: Two hundred seven studies were identified, and 15 satisfied the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis for cardiorespiratory fitness showed superiority of home-based HIIT to non-exercise controls (SMD 0.61, 95% CI: 0.21, 1.02). However, no significant difference in cardiorespiratory fitness was observed between home-based HIIT and lab-based HIIT (SMD: -0.35, 95%CI: -0.73, 0.03). Also, no significant difference was observed between the home-based HIIT and MICT (SMD 0.34, 95% CI: -0.05, 0.73). CONCLUSION: These results indicated that home-based HIIT was an effective intervention for improving cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy adults and patients. Importantly, this review found no significant differences in cardiorespiratory fitness between home-based HIIT and the group of laboratory HIIT and MICT, highlighting its comparable effectiveness and potential as a practical and valuable exercise intervention.

Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Medium-Chain Triacylglycerol Structured Lipids Improve Endurance Performance.
Katsunori Tsuji; Yosuke Tsuchiya; Kaori Yokoi; Kenichi Yanagimoto; Hisashi Ueda; Eisuke Ochi
Nutrients, 23 Aug. 2023, [Reviewed]
PURPOSE: The effects of intake of STGs containing esterified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) on cardiorespiratory endurance have not yet been reported. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of interesterified structured lipids EPA and MCTs on cardiorespiratory endurance. METHODS: This 8-week randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel-group study involved 19 healthy men. The participants were randomly assigned to a group that received interesterified structured lipids EPA and MCTs (STG group, 9 participants) or a group receiving a PM of EPA and MCTs (PM group, 10 participants). The outcome measures were time to exhaustion (TTE) and time to reach the anaerobic threshold in the peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) test, VO2peak, and anaerobic threshold. RESULTS: The increase in TTE in the VO2peak test after the intervention period compared with before the intervention period was significantly greater in the STG group (53 ± 53 s) than in the PM group (-10 ± 63 s; p < 0.05). Similarly, the increase in time to reach the anaerobic threshold was significantly greater in the STG group (82 ± 55 s) than in the PM group (-26 ± 52 s; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the consumption of interesterified structured lipids EPA and MCTs improved endurance in humans.

Pedal cadence does not affect muscle damage to eccentric cycling performed at similar mechanical work.
Hisashi Ueda; Riki Saegusa; Yosuke Tsuchiya; Eisuke Ochi
Frontiers in physiology, 2023, [Reviewed]
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate muscle damage when performing equal mechanical work of fast and slow pedaling speed by eccentric muscle actions (ECCs) cycling. Methods: Nineteen young men [mean ± standard deviation (SD) age: 21.0 ± 2.2 years; height: 172.7 ± 5.9 cm; and body mass: 70.2 ± 10.5 kg] performed maximal effort of ECCs cycling exercise with fast speed (Fast) and slow speed trials (Slow). First, subjects performed the Fast for 5 min by one leg. Second, Slow performed until the total mechanical work was equal to that generated during Fast other one leg. Changes in maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) torque of knee extension, isokinetic pedaling peak torque (IPT), range of motion (ROM), muscle soreness, thigh circumference, muscle echo intensity, and muscle stiffness were assessed before exercise, and immediately after exercise, and 1 and 4 days after exercise. Results: Exercise time was observed in the Slow (1422.0 ± 330.0 s) longer than Fast (300.0 ± 0.0 s). However, a significant difference was not observed in total work (Fast:214.8 ± 42.4 J/kg, Slow: 214.3 ± 42.2 J/kg). A significant interaction effect was not observed in peak values of MVC torque (Fast:1.7 ± 0.4 Nm/kg, Slow: 1.8 ± 0.5 Nm/kg), IPT, muscle soreness (Fast:4.3 ± 1.6 cm, Slow: 4.7 ± 2.9 cm). In addition, ROM, circumference, muscle thickness, muscle echo intensity, and muscle stiffness also showed no significant interaction. Conclusion: The magnitude of muscle damage is similar for ECCs cycling with equal work regardless of velocity.

Omega-3 fatty acids enhance the beneficial effect of BCAA supplementation on muscle function following eccentric contractions.
Yosuke Tsuchiya; Kenichi Yanagimoto; Norihiko Sunagawa; Hisashi Ueda; Katsunori Tsuji; Eisuke Ochi
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2022, [Reviewed]
BACKGROUND: This study investigated the combined effect of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and fish oil (FO) on muscle damage caused by eccentric contractions (ECCs) of the elbow flexors, with a special focus on muscular function. METHODS: Twenty-nine untrained male participants were enrolled in this double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study. The participants were randomly assigned to the placebo (PL) group (n = 9), BCAA supplement group (n = 10), and BCAA+FO supplement group (n = 10). The BCAA+FO group consumed eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) 600 mg and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) 260 mg per day for 8 weeks, while the BCAA and BCAA+FO groups consumed 9.6 g per day for 3 days prior to and until 5 days after ECCs. Participants performed six sets of 10 ECCs at 100% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) using dumbbells. Changes in MVC torque, range of motion (ROM), muscle soreness using visual analog scales, upper circumference, muscle thickness, echo intensity, and serum creatine kinase (CK) were assessed before, immediately after, and 1, 2, 3, and 5 days after ECCs. RESULTS: The MVC torque was significantly higher in the BCAA+FO group than in the PL group immediately after ECCs (p < 0.05) but not in the BCAA group. Both BCAA and BCAA+FO groups showed greater ROM and lower muscle soreness than the PL group (p < 0.05). CK was significantly lower in the BCAA group than in the PL group at 5 days after ECCs (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals that supplementation with BCAA and FO may favorably impact immediate recovery of peak torque production. Alternatively, in comparison to PL group, BCAA supplementation favorably reduces creatine kinase.

Eccentric exercise causes delayed sensory nerve conduction velocity but no repeated bout effect in the flexor pollicis brevis muscles.
Eisuke Ochi; Hisashi Ueda; Yosuke Tsuchiya; Koichi Nakazato
European journal of applied physiology, 27 Jul. 2021, [Reviewed]
PURPOSE: This study was aimed at investigating the effect of eccentric contractions (ECCs) of flexor pollicis brevis muscles (FPBMs) on motor and sensory nerve functions as well as the ipsilateral repeated bout effect (IL-RBE) and contralateral (CL)-RBE of motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities following ECCs. METHODS: Thirty-two young healthy men (age: 19.6 ± 0.2 years, height: 173.2 ± 1.2 cm, body mass: 69.7 ± 1.9 kg) performed two bouts of ECCs. During the first ECCs bout (ECCs-1), all participants performed 100 ECCs with 1 hand; for the second bout, 3 groups (2 weeks [W]: n = 11, 4W: n = 10, 8W: n = 11) performed ECCs with both hands 2, 4, or 8 weeks after ECCs-1. The maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC), range of motion (ROM), visual analog scale for pain (VAS), motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities were measured before, immediately after, and 1, 2, 3, and 5 days after ECCs. RESULTS: ECCs-1 decreased the MVC, limited the ROM, developed VAS, and decreased the motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities compared to non-exercise hand (p < 0.05). The repeated bout effect was observed in the ROM for IL-RBE in 2W and 4W, VAS for IL-RBE in 2 W, and ROM and VAS for CL-RBE in 2W (p < 0.05). However, RBEs of MVC and motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities were not observed, and no differences were confirmed depending on the interval. CONCLUSION: In the present study, ECCs of the FPBM caused a sensory nerve dysfunction, while IL- or CL-RBE was not observed.

4-week eicosapentaenoic acid-rich fish oil supplementation partially protects muscular damage following eccentric contractions.
Yosuke Tsuchiya; Hisashi Ueda; Kenichi Yanagimoto; Ayaka Kato; Eisuke Ochi
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 01 Mar. 2021, [Reviewed]
BACKGROUND: We previously showed 8-week of fish oil supplementation attenuated muscle damage. However, the effect of a shorter period of fish oil supplementation is unclear. The present study investigated the effect of fish oil, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), for 4 weeks on muscular damage caused by eccentric contractions (ECCs) of the elbow flexors. METHODS: Twenty-two untrained men were recruited in this double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design study and the subjects were randomly assigned to the EPA and DHA group (EPA and DHA, n = 11) and placebo group (PL, n = 11). They consumed either EPA 600 mg and DHA 260 mg per day or placebo supplement for 4 weeks prior to exercise. Subjects performed 60 ECCs at 100 % maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) using a dumbbell. Changes in MVC torque, range of motion (ROM), upper arm circumference, muscle soreness, echo intensity, muscle thickness, serum creatine kinase (CK), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were assessed before exercise; immediately after exercise; and 1, 2, 3, and 5 days after exercise. RESULTS: ROM was significantly higher in the EPA and DHA group than in the PL group immediately after performing ECCs (p < 0.05). No differences between groups were observed in terms of MVC torque, upper arm circumference, muscle soreness, echo intensity, and thickness. A significant difference was observed in serum CK 3 days after ECCs (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that shorter period EPA and DHA supplementation benefits joint flexibility and protection of muscle fiber following ECCs.

Low Dose of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate (HMB) Alleviates Muscle Strength Loss and Limited Joint Flexibility following Eccentric Contractions.
Yosuke Tsuchiya; Hisashi Ueda; Naoki Sugita; Eisuke Ochi
Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2021, [Reviewed]
Objective: The optimal dose of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) required for decreasing muscle damage remains unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the supplemental effect of low-dose HMB on muscle damage following eccentric contractions (ECCs) of human elbow flexors.Methods: Twenty untrained men (aged 20-26; height, 169.4 ± 5.7 cm; weight, 68.2 ± 11.3 kg; body mass index, 23.7 ± 3.3) completed the double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design study. The subjects were randomly assigned to the ingestion of HMB supplement (HMB, n = 10) or placebo group (PL, n = 10). After the subjects of 1.5 g HMB or placebo pills per day for 2 weeks, they performed six sets of 10 ECCs at 100% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) using dumbbell. Changes in MVC torque, range of motion (ROM), upper arm circumference, muscle soreness, and muscle stiffness were assessed before, immediately after, 1, 2, 3, 5 days after exercise.Results: MVC torque was significantly higher in the HMB group than in the PL group immediately after (HMB, -56.8%; PL, -67.1%) as well as 3 (HMB: -25.5%, PL: -48.7%) and 5 (HMB: -22.5%, PL: -44.0%) days after performing ECCs (p < 0.05). Additionally, ROM was significantly higher in the HMB group than in the PL group immediately after (HMB, -29.8%; PL, -50.5%) and 5 (HMB: -26.1%, PL: -43.3%) days after performing ECCs (p < 0.05). No between-group differences were observed in other muscle damage markers.Conclusion: The low-dose HMB supplementation demonstrated a moderate overall impact and played a beneficial role in muscle dysfunction and joint flexibility following ECCs.

Sitting-induced Endothelial Dysfunction Is Prevented in Endurance-trained Individuals.
Takuma Morishima; Yosuke Tsuchiya; Hisashi Ueda; Katsunori Tsuji; Eisuke Ochi
Medicine and science in sports and exercise, Aug. 2020, [Reviewed]
PURPOSE: Prolonged sitting impairs leg endothelial function, which seems to be mediated by a sustained reduction in blood flow-induced shear stress. However, whether regular endurance training is effective in preventing sitting-induced leg endothelial dysfunction remains largely unknown. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that sitting-induced leg endothelial dysfunction is prevented in high endurance-trained individuals. METHODS: The endurance-trained group comprised 10 male collegiate cyclists, and the untrained group comprised nine men with no regular endurance training. Peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak) was initially determined in all participants using incremental exercise test (37.9 ± 4.7 mL·min·kg in the untrained group versus 60.8 ± 3.6 mL·min·kg in the endurance-trained group). At second visit, the popliteal artery flow-mediated dilation (%FMD) was assessed before and after a 3-h sitting period. During the sitting period, the popliteal artery diameter and blood velocity were measured every hour. RESULTS: The popliteal artery blood flow and shear rate were significantly and similarly reduced during the sitting period in both groups (P < 0.001). In a 3-h sitting, a significant impairment in popliteal artery %FMD was observed in the untrained group (P = 0.003), but it was prevented in the endurance-trained group (P < 0.196). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the present study revealed that sitting-induced leg endothelial dysfunction is preventable in endurance-trained individuals.

Muscular endurance and muscle metabolic responses to 8 weeks of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation.
Takuma Morishima; Yosuke Tsuchiya; Hisashi Ueda; Eisuke Ochi
Physiological reports, Aug. 2020, [Reviewed]
BACKGROUND: It has been well known that exercise training improves muscular endurance; however, whether nutritional strategies can be used to enhance muscular endurance remains unclear. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that 8 weeks of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation, known to promote oxygen availability and lipid metabolism, would attenuate muscular fatigue caused by numerous muscle contractions. METHODS: Nineteen healthy men were randomly assigned to a placebo group (n = 9) and fish oil group (n = 10) in a double-blind fashion. The fish oil group consumed EPA-rich fish oil that contains 600-mg EPA and 260-mg DHA per day for 8 weeks. The placebo group received matching capsules for the same duration of time. After the 8-week intervention, subjects performed muscular endurance test that was repeated knee extensions with weights equal to 40% of the subject's body weight. RESULTS: Maximal repetitions to exhaustion were recorded. In addition, maximum isometric voluntary muscle contraction (MVC), muscle metabolism using near-infrared spectroscopy, and blood lactate were measured during the test. Subjects in both groups reached exhaustion after the muscular endurance test, while the maximal repetitions did not differ between the groups. Similarly, there is no significant difference in oxygen saturation in muscle tissue (StO2), an index of muscle oxygen availability, between the groups. Also, MVC and blood lactate did not change between groups. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the present study provided evidence that muscle fatigue caused by knee extensions cannot be attenuated by EPA and DHA supplementation in healthy subjects.

Physical characteristics and fitness in elite collegiate baseball players in Japan: Comparison of pitchers vs. Fielders
Takuma Morishima; Mamoru Ito; Yosuke Tsuchiya; Hisashi Ueda; Eisuke Ochi
Gazzetta Medica Italiana Archivio per le Scienze Mediche, 01 Mar. 2020, [Reviewed]

Eccentric contraction-induced muscle damage in human flexor pollicis brevis is accompanied by impairment of motor nerve.
Eisuke Ochi; Hisashi Ueda; Yosuke Tsuchiya; Karina Kouzaki; Koichi Nakazato
Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, Mar. 2020, [Reviewed]
BACKGROUND: Eccentric contractions (ECCs) cause muscle damage. In addition, we showed that ECCs induce nerve dysfunction and damage with rats and human. PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV) for flexor pollicis brevis muscle (FPBM) after ECCs. METHODS: Twelve men (years, 19.8 ± 1.7 years; height, 172.4 ± 7.0 cm; weight, 64.0 ± 8.6 kg) performed maximal 100 ECCs on their FPBM of non-dominant hands with torque dynamometer. The dominant hands were control (CON). Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), range of motion (ROM), DOMS, and MCV were assessed before, immediately post, and 1, 2, and 5 days after ECCs. MCV was calculated as the distance by stimulation divided by the latencies of the waveforms generated. Values were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA, and the significance level was set at P < .05. RESULTS: Decreases in MVC immediately (-32.9%) to 5 days after ECCs were significantly greater (P < .05) than for the CON group. ROM showed a significant decrease immediately (-21.6%) after ECCs compared with before ECCs and CON group (P < .05). DOMS after ECCs increased at 1 and 2 days (5.0 cm) after ECCs compared with before ECCs and CON (P < .05). Also, MCV after ECCs delayed significantly from immediately (-36.4%), 1, 2, and 5 days after ECCs compared with CON (P < .05), while no significant change in M-wave amplitude was observed over time for both ECCs and CON. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that ECCs of the FPBM cause a significant delay in MCV of median nerve.

Fast-Velocity Eccentric Cycling Exercise Causes Greater Muscle Damage Than Slow Eccentric Cycling.
Hisashi Ueda; Yosuke Tsuchiya; Eisuke Ochi
Frontiers in physiology, 2020, [Reviewed]
This study aims to investigate muscle damage occurring in the early and recovery phases after fast-velocity and slow-velocity eccentric cycling. Eleven untrained men (age, 20.0 ± 1.7 years; height, 171.3 ± 6.8 cm; weight, 61.8 ± 7.7 kg; and %body fat, 13.2 ± 2.9%) performed slow-velocity maximal isokinetic eccentric cycling (slow-velocity; 30°/s) with one leg and fast-velocity (fast-velocity; 210°/s) isokinetic eccentric cycling with the other leg. Changes in maximal voluntary isokinetic concentric contraction (MVCC) torque at velocities of 30 and 210°/s, range of motion (ROM), and muscle soreness were assessed by pressure using a digital muscle stiffness instrument; thigh circumference, muscle echo intensity, and muscle stiffness were assessed before exercise, and immediately after exercise, 1 day, and 4 days after exercise. Comparing with the results obtained for slow-velocity cycling (post: 215.9 ± 32.3 Nm, day 1: 192.9 ± 47.4 Nm, day 4: 184.3 ± 47.2 Nm) and before exercise, MVCC after fast-velocity cycling significantly decreased at immediately (160.4 ± 43.5 Nm), 1 day (143.6 ± 54.1 Nm), and 4 days (150.1 ± 44.5 Nm) after exercise (p < 0.05). Significant increase in muscle soreness for vastus lateralis was observed after fast-velocity cycling (41.2 ± 16.9 mm) compared with slow-velocity cycling (23.7 ± 12.2 mm) 4 days after exercise (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference in muscle soreness was observed for rectus femoris and vastus medialis at any time points after exercise. In addition, no significant differences were observed in the ROM, thigh circumference, muscle echo intensity, and muscle stiffness. In conclusion, fast-velocity eccentric cycling causes a decrease in muscle strength and an increase in soreness as compared to slow-velocity eccentric cycling.

Muscular recruitment is associated with muscular function and swelling following eccentric contractions of human elbow flexors.
Yosuke Tsuchiya; Hisashi Ueda; Eisuke Ochi
The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, Jul. 2019, [Reviewed]
BACKGROUND: This study investigated the relationship between muscle fiber recruitment and the magnitude of muscle damage by isotonic eccentric contractions (ECCs). METHODS: Ten healthy men (age: 27.2±6.0 y, height: 174. 0±5.3 cm, body mass 70.1±2.1 kg) were recruited in this study. Subjects performed 30 ECCs of the elbow flexors using a dumbbell adjusted to 40% and 80% one repetition maximum of each individual. The dependent variables maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) torque, Range of Motion (ROM), delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), cross-sectional area (CSA) and transverse relaxation time (T2) of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were measured immediately before, immediately after and 1, 3, and 5 days after each exercise. RESULTS: The decreased MVC and limited ROM were significantly greater for 80% than that 40% (P<0.05) at immediately after ECCs. However, no significant difference between 40% and 80% was found for DOMS. CSA at 5 days after ECCs was significantly higher 80% (P<0.05) than 40% (P<0.05). No significant changes in post T2 (acute T2) was found for 40%, but an increased acute T2 was observed in 80% (P<0.05). We found a significant correlation between the change in T2 at immediately after and MVC at immediately after (r=0.77, P<0.05). In addition, a significant correlation between the change in T2 at immediately after and change in CSA at 3 days after (r=-0.83, P<0.05) was found. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the muscle strength loss and swelling following ECCs are related to the muscle fiber recruitment.

Supplementation of eicosapentaenoic acid-rich fish oil attenuates muscle stiffness after eccentric contractions of human elbow flexors.
Yosuke Tsuchiya; Kenichi Yanagimoto; Hisashi Ueda; Eisuke Ochi
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 15 Apr. 2019, [Reviewed]
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the effect of supplementation of fish oil rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the damage of the biceps brachii after eccentric contractions (ECCs) of the elbow flexors, particularly focusing on muscle stiffness. METHODS: Sixteen men were included in this double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design study and the participants were randomly assigned to the EPA and DHA supplement group (EPA, n = 8) and placebo group (PL, n = 8). They consumed either EPA 600 mg and DHA 260 mg per day or placebo supplement for 8 weeks prior to exercise. Moreover, they performed six sets of 10 ECCs at 100% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) using a dumbbell. Changes in MVC torque, range of motion (ROM), upper arm circumference, muscle soreness, muscle echo intensity, and muscle stiffness were assessed before exercise; immediately after exercise; and 1, 2, and 5 days after exercise. RESULTS: MVC torque and ROM were significantly higher in the EPA group than in the PL group after ECCs (p < 0.05). Muscle soreness, upper arm circumference, and muscle echo intensity were significantly higher in the PL group than in the EPA group after ECCs (p < 0.05). In addition, muscle stiffness at 150° was significantly higher in the PL group than in the EPA group immediately after ECCs (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The present study showed that EPA and DHA supplementation has a positive role in inhibiting muscle stiffness after ECCs. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial (UMIN000028165) was registered on 10th/July/2017.

「2020年東京パラリンピックにおける屋外温熱環境の予測に関する研究」
31 Mar. 2019

指椎間距離測定を用いた大学野球選手の肩関節可動域の特徴
Mar. 2019

Two and Four Weeks of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementations Reduce Muscle Damage Following Eccentric Contractions.
Yosuke Tsuchiya; Kinjiro Hirayama; Hisashi Ueda; Eisuke Ochi
Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2019, [Reviewed]
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effect of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation for either 2 or 4 weeks on the muscle damage after elbow flexors after eccentric contractions (ECCs). METHODS: Twenty-eight untrained men were completed the double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design study. The subjects were randomly assigned to the ingestion of HMB supplement for 2 weeks (HMB 2-week, n = 10), for 4 weeks (HMB 4-week, n = 10), or a placebo group (PL, n = 8). Subjects of HMB 2-week and HMB 4-week consumed 3 g HMB per day, and they performed 6 sets of 10 ECCs at 100% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) using a dumbbell. Changes in MVC torque, range of motion (ROM), upper arm circumference, muscle soreness, and muscle stiffness were assessed before, immediately after, and 1, 2, and 5 days after exercise. RESULTS: MVC torque and ROM were significantly higher in the HMB 2-week and HMB 4-week groups than in the PL group after ECCs (p < 0.05). The upper arm circumference was significantly smaller in the HMB 2- and 4-week groups than in the PL group after ECCs (p < 0.05). In addition, muscle stiffness at 150° was significantly lower in the HMB 2- and 4-week groups than in the PL group at immediately after ECCs (p < 0.05). However, there was no difference in all outcomes between HMB 2-week and HMB 4-week. CONCLUSION: We concluded that more than 2 weeks of HMB supplementation has a positive role for untrained subjects to prevent the muscle damage after ECCs.

Physiological characteristics and multiple-joint isokinetic strength of upper extremity in outrigger canoe paddlers: A preliminary study
Hisashi Ueda; Illyoung Han; Sanghoon Kim; Hiroshi Kiyota
Isokinetics and Exercise Science, Apr. 2018, [Reviewed]
BACKGROUND:

Participation in outrigger canoe racing has gained rapidly in popularity across the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan. Moreover, outrigger canoe racing has recently been included as an official sport of the 2016 Paralympic games in Rio de Janeiro. Hence, evaluation of upper limb pedaling strength in outrigger canoe paddlers would be important to determine optimal sport-specific training techniques for these athletes.

OBJECTIVE:

To compare multiple-joint isokinetic strength (MI) of upper extremity, muscle strength, and overall morphology in outrigger canoe paddlers and non-athletes.

METHODS:

Nine outrigger canoe paddlers (Out-C), and eight healthy male non-athletes (Con) were recruited. The MI of the upper extremity was evaluated using an isokinetic arm ergometer.

RESULTS:

Multiple-joint isokinetic strength was greater in the Out-C group than in the Con group at all pedaling speeds ([Formula: see text] 0.05). In addition, peak moment right arm extension and left arm (RL) was significantly greater than peak moment left arm extension and right arm (LR) only in the Out-C group ([Formula: see text] 0.05). Significant correlations were identified between chest girth and MI at 110 rpm, left forearm girth and MI at 50 rpm, 70 rpm, and 90 rpm, right forearm girth and MI at 50 rpm ([Formula: see text] 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:

Asymmetries in MI of upper extremity muscles with stronger left than right side may be an important contributing feature of performance.

「青年期の健康管理と運動実践・食生活に関する研究」
31 Mar. 2018

The relationship between muscle fiber recruitment and muscle damages in eccentric contraction
Ueda Hisashi; Tsuchiya Yosuke; Ochi Eisuke
Journal of Physical Exercise and Sports Science, 2018, [Reviewed]
【Purpose】 This study investigated that the relationship between muscle fiber recruitment and the magnitude of muscle damage by eccentric contractions (ECCs).【Methods】 Nine healthy men (age: 27.2±6.0 y, height: 174. 0±5.3 cm, body mass 70.1±2.1 kg, % body fat: 20.9±2.7%, lean body mass: 55.5±2.0 kg) were recruited in this study. Subjects performed that 5 sets of 6 ECCs of the elbow flexors using a dumbbell adjusted to 80% of each individual’s 1 RM. The dependent variables that maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) torque, range of motion (ROM), delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), transverse relaxation time (T2) and cross sectional area (CSA) of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were measured immediately before, immediately after and 1, 3, and 5 days after each exercise. 【Results】 MVC torque decreased immediately after (p<0.05) and remained lower than baseline at 1 and 3 days (p<0.05) after exercise. ROM also decreased immediately after (p<0.05) and remained lower than baseline at 1 day after exercise (p<0.05). DOMS developed 1 and 3 days (p<0.05) after ECCs, and CSA increased only 5 days after ECCs (p<0.05). Increased T2 was observed immediately post-exercise and 1 day after exercise (p<0.05). An increased CSA was observed at 5 days after exercise (p<0.05). We found a significant correlation between the change in T2 and MVC at immediately after (r=0.77) . In addition, a significant correlation between the change in T2 at immediately after and change in CSA at 3 days after (r=-0.83) was found.【Conclusion】 We suggest that the muscle fiber recruitment with ECCs is related to the magnitude of muscular dysfunction and swelling.

Exercise intensity and cardiovascular responses during and after exercise on pilates basic exercise program in comparison with those brisk walking
Tango Ryoko; Mukaimoto Takahiro; Ueda Hisashi; Han Ill-young; Yamaguchi Miyuki; Ohno Makoto
18 Jul. 2012, [Reviewed]
The purpose of this study was to investigate exercise intensity and cardiovascular responses during and after exercise on Pilates basic exercise program. Subjects were eleven women (age 38.3±6.3 years, height 160.1±5.4 cm, body weight 51.6±5.4 kg). They performed the following two exercises for 30 minutes on separate days; 1) Pilates basic exercise, 2) brisk walking (95 m/min). Oxygen uptake (VO2) was measured by breath-by-breath with monitoring of the heart rate (HR) during the exercise sessions and for 90 minutes subsequently. Exercise intensity is expressed in metabolic equivalents (METs), which were calculated as VO2 during exercise. VO2, HR and energy expenditure during brisk walking were significantly higher than those in Pilates basic exercise. Exercise intensity of Pilates basic exercise (3.1±0.5 METs) was significantly smaller than that of brisk walking (4.9±0.4 METs). At fifteen minutes after finishing of Pilates basic exercise, HR decreased below the resting level and this low HR continued from 35 to 90 minutes after the exercise, however, HR didn't decrease below the resting level after brisk walking. These results indicate that Pilates basic exercise may be a moderate-intensity physical activity which exceeds 3 METs by devising contents of exercise program.

Effects of intermittent bouts of aerobic exercise on oxygen consumption during and after exercise
Han Ill-young; Mukaimoto Takahiro; Ueda Hisashi; Kiyota Hiroshi; Ohno Makoto
06 Jul. 2012, [Reviewed]
The purpose of this study was to compare the oxygen consumption (VO2) and energy expenditure (EE) during and after exercise between a single bout of continuous exercise and intermittent bouts of exercise, which of equivalent exercise intensity and total exercise duration. Nine healthy young men performed the following two exercise trials on separate days: 1) A single bout of 30-min exercise (30Ex), followed by 90-min of rest. 2) Three intermittent bouts of 30-min exercise, separated by a 10-min rest between exercise bouts (10Ex), followed by 70-min of rest. That is, the total rest in two trials was 90-min. Each exercise was performed with a cycle ergometer at 60% of VO2max. The expired gases were monitored continuously to determine VO2 and EE by a breath-by-breath method throughout the trial period. For average VO2, total VO2, and EE during exercise, no significant difference was observed between the two trials, however, total VO2, EE, excess post-exercise oxygen consumption during rest were significantly greater in 10Ex than in 30Ex (p＜0.05). These results suggests that the intermittent bouts of aerobic exercise can contribute to greater the total VO2 and EE after exercise compared with a continuous exercise of equivalent total exercise duration.

CHANGES IN CEREBRAL OXYGENATION DURING A SINGLE BOUT OF COMBINED CIRCUIT TRAINING
MUKAIMOTO TAKAHIRO; UEDA HISASHI; HAN ILL-YOUNG; SENBA SHUN; OHNO MAKOTO
01 Oct. 2010, [Reviewed]

Relation between Intervention Timing and Weight Decrease of Health Guidance in Combination with Therapeutic Diet Delivery
OHASHI Nobuyuki; MUKAIMOTO Takahiro; UEDA Hisashi; MUTO Junko; OHNO Makoto
Journal of Japan Society for the Study of Obesity, 25 Aug. 2009, [Reviewed]

エイコサペンタエン酸と中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリド構造脂質の摂取が持久性パフォーマンスに及ぼす影響　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Mar. 2023

エイコサペンタエン酸高含有魚油と分岐鎖アミノ酸の併用摂取がもたらす筋損傷への効果　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
May 2022

04生-25-ポ-09 野球における素振りおよびハンマートレーニングがパフォーマンスにおよぼす影響
2018

09方−26−口−21 大学男子スケート選手におけるバランス能力と下肢筋力に関する研究
2016

上肢ペダル駆動運動における多関節等速性筋力の特徴　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Dec. 2015

トレーニング演習の理論と実践(最終回)自重負荷運動の活用
Jun. 2013

バランスボール体操の運動強度に関する研究 若年女性と高齢女性の比較　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Dec. 2010

柔道選手の減量における早期栄養管理の効果について　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Feb. 2010

バランスボール体操における酸素摂取量と運動強度に関する研究　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Feb. 2010

235. 異なるサーキットレジスタンス運動が運動後過剰酸素消費の継続時間に及ぼす影響(代謝,一般口演,第63回日本体力医学会大会)
01 Dec. 2008

511. ラクロス競技においての身体損傷の傾向 : ラクロスを始める前と後との比較(スポーツと疾患,第62回日本体力医学会大会)
01 Dec. 2007