This study aimed to conduct an inter-age comparison of Taiwanese people's national consciousness and their image of Japan and to investigate the relationship between image of Japan, sense of national consciousness and attributes and contact frequency with Japan-related information. A questionnaire survey was conducted via the internet between November and December 2013 of 525 respondents aged from their twenties to fifties living in Taiwan. As a result, four factors were identified for national consciousness, namely: "pride as a Taiwanese person", "assertion of Taiwan's superiority in international society", "openness towards foreign countries", and "low self-engagement towards foreign countries". In the inter-age comparison, it was shown that "pride as a Taiwanese person" and "assertion of Taiwan's superiority in international society" were higher for respondents in their fifties than for those in their twenties. Six factors were identified for image of Japan, namely: "affinity openness", "collective innovation", "aggressiveness", "inhibition of self-expression", "frequent natural disasters", and "importance of individuality". In the inter-age comparison, it was shown that "affinity openness" was highest for respondents in their twenties and lowest for those in their forties. Images of "aggressiveness" and "frequent natural disasters" were more likely the older the age group. As a result of a multiple regression analysis of the relationship between image of Japan and national consciousness it was found that "openness towards foreign countries" in national consciousness had a common effect on "collective innovation", "inhibition of self-expression", "frequent natural disasters", and "importance of individuality" in image of Japan. In cases when "contact frequency with Japan-related information" was high images of "affinity openness" and "collective innovation" were more likely. For older respondents there was a tendency to have low "affinity openness" and to be likely to perceive that Japan is "aggressive" and has many "natural disasters".