Internal completeness and validity of the injury reporting when using the newly established consensus recommendations in Japan
SUZUKI-YAMANAKA Miwako; HOSOKAWA Yuri; KANEOKA Koji; SUNAGAWA Norihiko; HIROSE Norikazu; KAWAHARA Takashi; FUKAMACHI Hanako; AONO Hiroshi
Japanese Journal of Athletic Training, 31 Oct. 2024, [Reviewed]
The Japanese Society of Clinical Sports Medicine and the Japanese Society for Athletic Training have developed the consensus recommendations on injury and illness surveillance methodology. This study aimed to assess the internal completeness and validity of data collected using the recommended methods by the academic societies. Participants were recruited using two methods : snowball sampling and outreach via social media platforms. Individuals who were involved in the evaluation of athletes and reporting of sports injuries on a daily basis were enrolled. They were tasked to read seven fictitious injury reports and fill out relevant information on a standardized injury and illness form. The internal completeness and inter-rater reliability were examined for the following variables : date of onset of injury/illness, activity type, history of injury, mechanism of injury, mode of onset, body part, pathology type, side of injury, date of full return to play, illness evaluation, and illness diagnosis. The inter-rater reliability was evaluated using Flaissʼ kappa coefficients. A total of 70 and 367 responses were analyzed from snowball sampling and social media, respectively. The internal completeness of the data was almost perfect when reported by licensed/certified healthcare professionals (97.8-99.4%) except for dentists (73.68%). Regarding internal validity, the data collected for Illness evaluation and illness diagnosis had poor agreements (k=−0.11-0). In conclusion, the standardized reporting form consisted of recommended variables was suitable in collecting comprehensive data with a high internal completeness. However, the inter-rater reliability of the data collected for illness evaluation and illness diagnosis was notably low, indicating a need for improved methodologies．

Methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on sports injury and illness defined and recommended by consensus statements
SUZUKI-YAMANAKA Miwako; MASHIMO Sonoko; SUNAGAWA Norihiko
Japanese Journal of Athletic Training, 31 Oct. 2022
Fifteen international and domestic consensus statements on methods for sports injury and illness epidemiological study were reviewed. The most widely recognized categorization of definitions of injury and illness is time-loss, medical attention, and any complaint, while the domestic consensus statement recommends the use of time-loss and non-time-loss categories. Acute sudden-onset, repetitive sudden-onset, and repetitive gradual onset are the most comprehensive and clear classification for mode of onset. Reinjury was defined as subsequent injuries to the same location and tissue to the index injury in most literature, and the use of this definition has been recommended because of its clarity. Recently established and updated Subsequent Injury Categorization Model is useful to consider the influence of index injury to the subsequent injuries. The risks of injury and illness are often evaluated with incidence rate. The incidence rate should be calculated with a denominator of 1000 athlete hours when the duration of playing time likely affects the risk of injury occurrence. While planning an epidemiological study, it is critical to review methods that have been already standardized in the past literature because the data produced by studies with consistent methodology can be compared and synthesized to build more reliable evidence.

Recommended Methods for Sports Injury and Illness Surveillance : Japanese Society of Clinical Sports Medicine and Japanese Society for Athletic Training Consensus Document
Apr. 2022, [Reviewed]
The Japanese Society of Clinical Sports Medicine and the Japanese Society for Athletic
Training formed an expert working group in December 2020 to establish a set of recommendations to standardize sports injury and illness surveillance methods in Japan. The nominal group technique and Delphi method were used to determine key components of sports injury and illness surveillance. The feasibility of proposed recommendations was considered with the current Japanese collegiate sport context in mind. Experts agreed on eight recommendations that defined reporter and participant
characteristics, a list of variables to be collected, methods of expressing data, and data management considerations.

Omega-3 fatty acids enhance the beneficial effect of BCAA supplementation on muscle function following eccentric contractions.
Yosuke Tsuchiya; Kenichi Yanagimoto; Norihiko Sunagawa; Hisashi Ueda; Katsunori Tsuji; Eisuke Ochi
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2022, [Reviewed]
BACKGROUND: This study investigated the combined effect of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and fish oil (FO) on muscle damage caused by eccentric contractions (ECCs) of the elbow flexors, with a special focus on muscular function. METHODS: Twenty-nine untrained male participants were enrolled in this double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study. The participants were randomly assigned to the placebo (PL) group (n = 9), BCAA supplement group (n = 10), and BCAA+FO supplement group (n = 10). The BCAA+FO group consumed eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) 600 mg and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) 260 mg per day for 8 weeks, while the BCAA and BCAA+FO groups consumed 9.6 g per day for 3 days prior to and until 5 days after ECCs. Participants performed six sets of 10 ECCs at 100% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) using dumbbells. Changes in MVC torque, range of motion (ROM), muscle soreness using visual analog scales, upper circumference, muscle thickness, echo intensity, and serum creatine kinase (CK) were assessed before, immediately after, and 1, 2, 3, and 5 days after ECCs. RESULTS: The MVC torque was significantly higher in the BCAA+FO group than in the PL group immediately after ECCs (p < 0.05) but not in the BCAA group. Both BCAA and BCAA+FO groups showed greater ROM and lower muscle soreness than the PL group (p < 0.05). CK was significantly lower in the BCAA group than in the PL group at 5 days after ECCs (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals that supplementation with BCAA and FO may favorably impact immediate recovery of peak torque production. Alternatively, in comparison to PL group, BCAA supplementation favorably reduces creatine kinase.

Systematic Review of the Methodology of Studies Reporting Epidemiological Data of Sports-Related Injury and Illness in Japan
2022, [Reviewed]
The purpose of this study was to systematically review the methodology of studies that examined the epidemiology of sports-related injuries and illness in Japan. A total of 47 reports (sports-related injury: n=46, sports-related illness: n=1) from 43 studies that have been published from 2010 through 2020 were included in the analyses. Reported items (body area, tissue/pathology type, mode of onset, mechanism of injury, severity, and exposure) in each report were evaluated by using descriptive statistics, such as frequency and proportion. A chisquare test was additionally used to examine the difference in reported items by the injury data recorder (e.g., physician, medical staff member, athlete). It was revealed that similar items were reported regardless of the type of recorder, which raises caution concerning reliability of the results reported by personnel not trained in sports medicine (i.e., athletes). 19.1% of all reports did not define the type of injury (e.g., time-loss, medical attention) that was collected. There were multiple items for which inconsistent definitions and classifications were used. In conclusion, a standardized methodology for collecting and reporting epidemiological data of sports-related injuries should be established in Japan.

大学ラグビーチームにおける新型コロナウイルス対策
31 Mar. 2021

Present status and problems of injury surveillance studies for sports activities in Japanese school
SUNAGAWA Norihiko; OGAKI Ryo; NAGANO Yasuharu; HARADA Takeru; TSUCHIYA Atsuo; TSUGA Yuki; YAMAMOTO Toshiharu
Japanese Journal of Athletic Training, 30 Apr. 2020
This study aimed at clarifying the present status and problems of studies on sports injury surveillance studies in Japanese schools. We performed a literature search using databases (CiNii Articles and Google Scholar) and extracted 69 papers involving studies that investigated sports trauma and overuse injuries in schools for the period from 1980 to 2016. Most of extracted studies targeted contact sports and university students. Those reporting only females were limited. In addition, the injury definition and the methods for classifying the body part are varied. There were also aspects of examination and integration difficulties. We found that the problems such as bias in the types and ages of the study subjects and the inconsistencies in the study methods on trauma and overuse injuries.

Sports-related catastrophic injuries on school campus
OTOMO Mana; HOSOKAWA Yuri; MURATA Yuki; TSUKUDA Fumiko; SUNAGAWA Norihiko
Japanese Journal of Athletic Training, 30 Apr. 2020
This study aimed to investigate Catastrophic injuries as defined by Japan Sport Council (JSC) (grades I-XIV) documented on school campus and explore benefits of introducing athletic trainers on campus. All injury data submitted to JSC Injury and Accident Mutual Aid Benefit System between 2009 -2018 that occurred in junior high or high school (n=2,094) were included in the analysis. Injury data were categorized by activity (curricular course, curricular activity, school event, extracurricular activity, recess, other) and location (classroom, laboratory, indoor athletic facility, hallway, staircase, balcony, rooftop, restroom, outdoor athletic field, pool, other).

Athletic injuries were documented in 98%, 86%, and 71% of all injuries that occurred during extracurricular activity, curricular course, and school event. In addition, 93%, 90%, and 96% of all injuries that occurred at outdoor athletic field, indoor athletic facility, and pool, respectively, were related to athletic activity.

JSC data suggest that majority of injuries that occur on junior high and high school campus were related to athletic activities. Therefore, school administrators may benefit from having athletic trainers who can provide first aid and injury prevention services to help elevate the standard of care on school campus.

ラグビー選手におけるIndirect型ACL損傷の分析 : 受傷機転の分類—Analysis of indirect ACL injuries in rugby players : Classification of injury mechanisms
2015, [Reviewed]

Sports Injury Statistical Data Collection: Fiscal Year 2017 Edition　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Mar. 2022
In the fiscal year 2017, we investigated the number of subscribers to the Sports Safety Insurance and the payment performance of injury insurance benefits due to accidents occurring during sports activities in the same year.
The scope of accidents covered by the Sports Safety Insurance includes accidents occurring during group activities under the management of the organization to which the subscriber belongs, as well as during travel to and from group activities. However, for the purpose of creating statistical data on sports activities, accidents occurring during travel are excluded from the aggregation in this report. Additionally, activities under the management of schools (kindergarten to high school, licensed daycare centers, etc.) are not covered, resulting in fewer subscriptions for club activities in junior high and high schools.
The Sports Safety Insurance consists of "Injury Insurance" that compensates for injuries, "Liability Insurance" that compensates for legal liability for damaging others' property or causing injury to others, and "Sudden Death Funeral Expense Insurance" that compensates for sudden death not covered by Injury Insurance. This report aggregates the payment performance of "Injury Insurance" among the three types of coverage mentioned above.

Furthermore, sports injuries due to overuse (such as stress fractures, baseball elbow, herniated discs, etc.) and disabilities due to growth or aging (such as osteoarthritis of the knee) are not covered by Injury Insurance, so sports injuries cannot be evaluated in this report. Since the application of Injury Insurance requires treatment by a doctor or a judo therapist, minor injuries that do not involve hospitalization or outpatient treatment (such as wounds) tend not to appear in this report. Additionally, the subscription categories and premiums vary according to the attributes of the subscribers. Among these, the number of subscribers and accidents in category A2, which does not cover sports activities, are excluded from the aggregation.

Statistics on Sports Injuries and Disabilities in School Settings: Current Status and Challenges
Jan. 2022
We have summarized the current status and challenges of statistical surveys on sports injuries and disabilities in school settings in Japan. This includes large-scale surveys and research papers on sports injuries and disabilities in Japan, as well as characteristics of cases of death and severe disabilities due to sports, as seen in disaster compensation cases by the Japan Sports Council (JSC). Additionally, we highlighted the challenges in sports injury and disability surveys in Japan, such as the very few reports targeting elementary, junior high, and high schools, as well as females, the very few reports targeting curricular activities, and the bias in the types of sports being surveyed.

スポーツ現場における急性期対応に用いるテーピング—特集 テーピング : 基本的な考え方とスポーツ現場における活用 ; テーピングの基礎と部位別の方法
Sep. 2019

頭頚部外傷の対応—特集 アスレティックトレーニングにおける現場的視点 ; アスレティックトレーナーが行うスポーツ医科学のサポート ; 救急処置
Jun. 2016

Introduction to Sports Medicine
Others
Mar. 2024
9784830651984
This book is structured with the concept of understanding the overview of injuries and diseases associated with sports and the flow of medical intervention, as well as understanding the basic knowledge necessary for collaboration and communication with medical professionals such as doctors and physical therapists. The structure is as follows:

Explanation of the epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis, and treatment of representative sports injuries and diseases, as well as important topics in sports medicine.
Explanation of the actual stream process of medical diagnosis and treatment.
Explanation of the collaboration points with medical professionals according to the timeline from the occurrence of injuries or diseases to the return to competition.

公認アスレティックトレーナー専門科目テキスト （2022年カリキュラム対応）第2巻 安全・健康管理およびスポーツ外傷・障害の予防　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Editor
Nov. 2022

公認アスレティックトレーナー専門科目テキスト （2022年カリキュラム対応）第1巻アスレティックトレーナーの役割　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Contributor
Nov. 2022

公認アスレティックトレーナー専門科目テキスト （2022年カリキュラム対応）第1巻アスレティックトレーナーの役割　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Contributor
Nov. 2022

公認アスレティックトレーナー専門科目テキスト （2022年カリキュラム対応）第2巻 安全・健康管理およびスポーツ外傷・障害の予防　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Contributor
Nov. 2022

公認アスレティックトレーナー専門科目テキスト （2022年カリキュラム対応）第2巻 安全・健康管理およびスポーツ外傷・障害の予防　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Contributor
Nov. 2022

公認アスレティックトレーナー専門科目テキスト （2022年カリキュラム対応）第1巻アスレティックトレーナーの役割　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Contributor
Nov. 2022

公認アスレティックトレーナー専門科目テキスト（2022年カリキュラム対応） 第5巻救急対応　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Contributor
Nov. 2022

特別講演 『スポーツ現場における安全対策：重症事故の予防と対策』（講師）　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
03 Dec. 2023, [Invited]

Verification of Inter-Rater Reliability of Survey Items on Sports Injuries, Disorders, and Diseases as Defined by the Recommendations　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Nov. 2023
In the recommendations on the survey of sports injuries, disorders, and diseases jointly published by the Japan Society of Clinical Sports Medicine and the Japanese Society for Athletic Training, the inter-rater reliability of the specified survey items was verified. As a result, the evaluation for activity classification, onset mode, onset site, type of sports injury/disorder, and side of onset showed almost perfect agreement (90.8-97.6%, k=0.81-0.94). However, the history of onset and mechanism of onset (66.9-70.7%, k=0.43-0.45) showed moderate agreement. Additionally, the concordance rates for disease evaluation and disease diagnosis were both below 50%. To accumulate high-quality epidemiological data, it is necessary to consider improving the descriptions and response formats for items with low concordance rates.

Analysis of Fatal Accident Data During Physical Education and Sports Activities Among Students in Japan　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Oct. 2023
The purpose of this study was to clarify the actual conditions and characteristics of fatal accidents that occurred during physical education and sports activities under school management in Japan, using data on fatal accidents over 17 years from 2005 to 2021, published in the School Accident Case Search Database of the Japan Sport Council. As a result, there were 1,000 fatal accidents in schools overall, of which 377 (37.7%) occurred during physical education and sports activities. By cause, sudden cardiac death was the most common, with 165 cases (43.8%). More than half of the accidents caused by sudden cardiac death occurred during physical club activities (82 cases), and by sport, basketball had the most cases (18), followed by soccer (15) and baseball (15).

スポーツ指導者講習会における安全管理・救急対応に関する講習の実態　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Oct. 2023

2023 - Present
日本運動疫学会　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

Apr. 2016 - Present
Japanese Society for Athletic Training　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

May 2010 - Present
Japanese Society of Clinical Sports Medicine　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

Chiba Aqua Line Marathon 2018 - Medical Support (Trainer)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
organizing_member
21 Oct. 2018
I provided medical support as a trainer at the Chiba Aqua Line Marathon 2018.

Saitama International Marathon - BLS Team Member　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
others
Nov. 2015 - Nov. 2015
I was involved in providing medical support as a BLS team member at the Saitama International Marathon.

Turtle Marathon - Medical Support Staff　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
others
Oct. 2015 - Oct. 2015
I provided medical support as a staff member at the Turtle Marathon.